//If you're new to USC, you might want to check out the [[step_by_step_tutorial|Step-by-Step Tutorial]], too!//

====== Basic Concepts ======

  * [[#Turns and Action Points| Turns and Action Points]]
  * [[#Map and Movement| Map and Movement]]
  * [[#Health| Health]]
  * [[#Morale| Morale]]
  * [[#Armor Rating| Armor Rating]]


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===== Turns and Action Points =====


USC is a //per player turn-based game//, which means that players (including the AI) take turns in a pre-defined order, and when active, they may move every and all of their units. This is called a player's //active turn//, inside which the order of units to act with is completely up to the player, and they may even switch "forth and back" between units, following a carefully planned strategy, adapting to action results.

The "amount of action" (movement, combat, interacting with objects, etc.) a single unit can perform in a turn is measured in //Action Points (AP)//. Based on their  [[units_detail#Stamina]] and a few possible minor circumstances, a unit, in general, has 15-25 APs per turn. Different actions cost //different// amount of APs.

The following table summarizes the most general AP costs (without specific skill bonuses):	

^ Action ^ AP cost ^
| Movement / grid | 1 |
| Open / close a door | 3 |
| Pick up / put down an item | 2 |
| Push / pull object | 3 |
| Push object while running* | 2 / 1 |
| Begin circuit cracking | 8 |
| Use scanner | 3 |
| Equip a weapon | 5 |
| Attack | 1-12 |

* have moved at least 3 / 5 grids consequently

===== Map and Movement =====

The //map// (the area where a mission takes place) is made up from //grids//. A single grid can always contain only one so-called //"full-grid entity"//; full-grid entities are //units//, //objects// (crates, barrels, servers etc.), and //walls// (including closed doors). In "real world terms", a grid is about 1,5×1,5 metres in size; in game terms, it is the smallest unit of space. Standard-sized maps are 32×32 grids large. In USC, maps are flat (2D), have no elevation data.

{{:diagonal.jpg?200|}}

Under general conditions, a unit can move //one grid for 1 Action Point// (the only exception is being "tranquilized") in //any of the 8 directions//. When moving diagonally, side obstacles are ignored (see picture to the left).

After moving, a unit always faces the direction it was moving to. //Turning//, on the other hand, //does not cost any APs// and can be performed indefinitely.

===== Health =====

In USC, every entity -- be it a wall, a crate, or a unit -- has a prime attribute called //Health (HP)// (or "Integrity" for objects). Direct or indirect damage from attacks, and in the case of living units, a few other //hazards// (bleeding, rad poisoning, etc.) reduce the //current Health//. If it ever reaches 0, the entity is dead/destroyed. Units can be //healed// back to their //maximum Health//.

Damage from bleeding, poisoning, or burning is always applied to a unit at the beginning of its player's turn. //Regeneration//, if available, is applied before this damage, possibly preventing the unit from dying to these causes.

For Commandos, the maximum Health is //50 + [[units_detail#Health|Health skill]] ×100// (max. 250). Aliens can have 50-500+ HPs depending on their type and strength.

===== Morale =====

Another important prime attribute is //Morale (MP)//. It measures the general psychical condition of a unit. Whenever something "bad" happens to the unit -- it gets attacked or hurt, loses a comrade, etc. -- the Morale drops, while "good" events -- being healed, damaging, or killing an enemy, etc. -- raises it. Just like Health, Morale has a //maximum// value specific to the actual unit. For Commandos, this value is //equal// to the level of the //[[units_detail#Morale|Morale skill]]//, which is capped at //100//. Aliens don't have a measurable "Morale" attribute but may react differently to various situations.

A //low Morale// (below 20) may have unpleasant consequences, from being unable to perform an action to panicking or even going berserk. The greater the unit's max. Morale is, the smaller the chance such a thing happens.

The table below shows the minimum //current// MP values of specific actions:

^ Action ^ Min. MP ^
| Use stimulants, reload weapon, attack* | 0 |
| Turn | 1 |
| Move, operate door, move objects, use scanner | 5 |
| Change weapon, pick up/put down/use items, use objects | 10 |
| Initiate defense mode, (un)equip weapon/armor mods | 20 |

* these actions can be performed even with 0 MPs


The following table shows the effects of various events on Morale (may be cumulative):

^ Event/action ^ MP change ^
| Being attacked (per attack) | -1 |
| Being attacked in melee (per attack) | -2 |
| Being damaged | -Damage/10 + 1 |
| Receiving/giving "friendly fire" | -10 |
| Killing an own/allied unit | -25 / -10 |
| Losing any allied unit | -5 |
| Attacking an enemy | +1 |
| Killing an enemy | +5 |
| Base Morale regeneration per turn | +1 |
| ...if the unit had at least max. APs/2 | +5 |
| ...if the unit had max. APs (has not moved) | +10 |

The chance of Morale loss when being attacked or damaged is reduced to 1:6-5:6 on difficulties lower than ULTIMATE, respectively.

===== Armor Rating =====

//Armor Rating (AR)// or //Damage Threshold (DT)// is the fourth prime attribute of //every// entity in USC. It will be discussed in detail in the Combat section. In general, Armor //decreases all incoming damage// by its current value. Attacks and "hazards" (e.g. corrosion) may damage the Armor Rating. Commandos have a standard base Armor Rating of //25//, which can be upgraded via items to 50. Tougher aliens may also have heavy armor. Some special objects/walls may have 200+ AR, which practically renders them (almost) invulnerable.

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